Ampere: The unit of measurement of electrical current produced in a circuit by 1 volt acting through a resistance of 1 ohm.
Ancillary Services: Necessary services that must be provided in the generation and delivery of electricity.
Average Revenue per Kilowatthour: The average revenue per kilowatthour of electricity sold by sector (residential, commercial, industrial, or other) and geographic area (State, Census division, and national), is calculated by dividing the total monthly revenue by the corresponding total monthly sales for each sector and geographic area.
Combined Cycle: An electric generating technology in which electricity is produced from otherwise lost waste heat exiting from one or more gas (combustion) turbines. The exiting heat is routed to a conventional boiler or to a heat recovery steam generator for utilization by a steam turbine in the production of electricity. This process increases the efficiency of the electric generating unit.
Combined Pumped-Storage Plant: A pumped-storage hydroelectric power plant that uses both pumped water and natural streamflow to produce electricity.
Current (Electric): A flow of electrons in an electrical conductor. The strength or rate of movement of the electricity is measured in amperes.
Distribution: The delivery of electricity to retail customers (including homes, businesses, etc.).
Distribution System: The portion of an electric system that is dedicated to delivering electric energy to an end user.
Electric Plant (Physical): A facility containing prime movers, electric generators, and auxiliary equipment for converting mechanical, chemical, and/or fission energy into electric energy.
Firm Power: Power or power-producing capacity intended to be available at all times during the period covered by a guaranteed commitment to deliver, even under adverse conditions.
Generation (Electricity): The process of producing electric energy by transforming other forms of energy; also, the amount of electric energy produced, expressed in watthours (Wh).
Generator: A machine that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy.
Gigawatt (GW): One billion watts.
Gigawatthour (GWh): One billion watthours.
Grid: The layout of an electrical distribution system.
Kilowatthour (kWh): One thousand watthours.
oad (Electric): The amount of electric power delivered or required at any specific point or points on a system. The requirement originates at the energy-consuming equipment of the consumers.
Maximum Demand: The greatest of all demands of the load that has occurred within a specified period of time.
Mcf: One thousand cubic feet.
Megawatt (MW): One million watts.
Megawatthour (MWh): One million watthours.
MMcf: One million cubic feet.
Ohm: The unit of measurement of electrical resistance. The resistance of a circuit in which a potential difference of 1 volt produces a current of 1 ampere.
Outage: The period during which a generating unit, transmission line, or other facility is out of service.
Planned Generator: A proposal by a company to install electric generating equipment at an existing or planned facility or site. The proposal is based on the owner having obtained (1) all environmental and regulatory approvals, (2) a signed contract for the electric energy, or (3) financial closure for the facility.
Plant: A facility at which are located prime movers, electric generators, and auxiliary equipment for converting mechanical, chemical, and/or nuclear energy into electric energy. A plant may contain more than one type of prime mover. Electric utility plants exclude facilities that satisfy the definition of a qualifying facility under the Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act of 1978.
Plant Use: The electric energy used in the operation of a plant. Included in this definition is the energy required for pumping at pumped-storage plants.
Power: The rate at which energy is transferred. Electrical energy is usually measured in watts. Also used for a measurement of capacity.
Substation: Facility equipment that switches, changes, or regulates electric voltage.
Switching Station: Facility equipment used to tie together two or more electric circuits through switches. The switches are selectively arranged to permit a circuit to be disconnected, or to change the electric connection between the circuits.
System (Electric): Physically connected generation, transmission, and distribution facilities operated as an integrated unit under one central management, or operating supervision.
Transformer: An electrical device for changing the voltage of alternating current.
Transmission: The movement or transfer of electric energy over an interconnected group of lines and associated equipment between points of supply and points at which it is transformed for delivery to consumers, or is delivered to other electric systems. Transmission is considered to end when the energy is transformed for distribution to the consumer.
Transmission System (Electric): An interconnected group of electric transmission lines and associated equipment for moving or transferring electric energy in bulk between points of supply and points at which it is transformed for delivery over the distribution system lines to consumers, or is delivered to other electric systems.
Unbundling: The separating of the total process of electric power service from generation to metering into its component parts for the purpose of separate pricing or service offerings.
Voltage Reduction: Any intentional reduction of system voltage by 3 percent or greater for reasons of maintaining the continuity of service of the bulk electric power supply system.
Volumetric Wires Charge: A type of charge for using the transmission and/or distribution system that is based on the volume of electricity that is transmitted.
Watt: The electrical unit of power. The rate of energy transfer equivalent to 1 ampere flowing under a pressure of 1 volt at unity power factor.
Watthour (Wh): An electrical energy unit of measure equal to 1 watt of power supplied to, or taken from, an electric circuit steadily for 1 hour.
Wires Charge: A broad term which refers to charges levied on power suppliers or their customers for the use of the transmission or distribution wires.
Atoms are made of even smaller particlesr The center called the nucleus.
r It is made of proton and neutrons.
r Electrons move around the nucleus in clouds, or shells, far from the nucleus.
r When atom is balance, it has the number of protons and electrons.
r It can have a different number of neutrons.
Protons and electrons attract each other
Ä Electrons stay in their shells because a special force holds them there.
Ä Protons have a positive charge (+) and electron have a negative charge (-). Opposite charge attract each other.
Electricity is moving electrons
Ø The electrons near the nucleus are held tight to the atom.
Ø Sometimes, the ones farthest away are not.
Ø We can push some of the electrons out of their shells.
Ø We also can move them moving electrons are called ELECTRICITY.
Electrons move from place to place.
۞ Electricity has been around forever.
۞ Lighting is electricity electrons moving from one cloud to another or jumping to the ground.
۞ A bunch of electrons jumped to you from another object. It called static electricity.
۞ Electrons aren’t moving through a wire, they are jumping from one object to another.
Electricity travels through wires.
| The spinning turbines make electricity.
| It flows into power lines.
| The electrons flow through the power lines to our houses.
| They flows through the wires in our houses and back to the power plant.
| Then, they start their journey again.
We get our electricity through wires
o The power plant makes electricity.
o The electricity transmission line held up by power towers.
o The transmission line carry large amount of electricity to electric poles in cities and towns.
o 
Distribution lines carry small amount of electricity from the electric poles to houses and business.
Distribution lines carry small amount of electricity from the electric poles to houses and business.Electricity travels in loops
r Electricity travels in closed loops, or circuits.
r It must have complete path from the power plant through the wire and back.
r If the circuit is open, the electricity can’t flow.
r When we flip on a light switch, we closed a circuit.
r The electricity flow through the light and back into the wire.
r When we flip the switch off, we open the circuit.
r No electricity flows to the light.
r It flows straight through the switch.
Electricity does work
§ When we turn a light switch on, electricity flows through a tiny wire in the bulb.
§ The wire gets very hot.
§ It makes the gas in the bulb glow.
§ When a lightbulb burns out, it means the tiny wire has broken.
§ The path trough the bulb is gone.
§ When we turn on the tv, electricity flows through wire inside the set, making pictures and sound.
§ Sometimes, electricity runs motors-in washers or mixers.
No comments:
Post a Comment